Understanding International Shoe Sizes
Shoe sizes vary dramatically across different regions of the world, making international shopping confusing and frustrating. The United States, United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia all use different sizing systems based on different measurement standards developed over centuries of shoemaking history. A US men's size 9, for example, translates to UK size 8.5, EU size 42, and approximately 27 cm in foot length.
The differences stem from historical measurement systems. US and UK sizes originated from the Barleycorn system, where one size equals one-third of an inch (8.47 mm). European sizes use the Paris Point system, where each size represents two-thirds of a centimeter (6.67 mm). Asian sizes typically measure foot length directly in centimeters or millimeters, making them the most straightforward system.
Historical Development of Shoe Sizing
The modern shoe sizing systems we use today developed independently in different countries during the Industrial Revolution as mass production of footwear became common. Before standardized sizing, shoes were custom-made by cobblers who measured each customer's feet directly. The Barleycorn system, still used in US and UK sizing, dates back to 14th century England when King Edward II declared that three barleycorns laid end to end equaled one inch.
The Paris Point system, used across continental Europe, was developed in the late 1800s by French shoemakers seeking a metric-based alternative. Asian sizing systems, which simply measure foot length, represent a more modern, rational approach but haven't achieved global adoption due to entrenched regional systems. Despite numerous attempts at creating a universal shoe sizing standard, the world remains divided by these historical legacies.
Men's vs Women's Sizing Systems
One of the most confusing aspects of shoe sizing is the gender difference in US sizing. Women's US sizes are typically 1.5 sizes larger than men's for the same foot length. This means a women's size 8 fits the same foot as a men's size 6.5. This arbitrary distinction exists purely due to historical convention and marketing practices in the American shoe industry.
UK and European sizing systems generally don't make this gender distinction as prominently, though some manufacturers do produce gender-specific lasts (the foot-shaped forms shoes are built around) that affect fit even when numerical sizes are the same. When converting between systems, it's crucial to specify gender to get accurate results, particularly when dealing with US sizes.
Width Sizing and Fit Variations
Shoe size isn't just about length. Width is equally important for proper fit, but width sizing systems are even less standardized than length. US shoes commonly offer widths from B (narrow) to EEE (extra wide), with D being standard for men and B standard for women. European and UK shoes rarely specify width at all, defaulting to a medium width.
Different shoe brands also use different lasts, meaning two size 9 shoes from different manufacturers can fit quite differently even if both are technically accurate to the size standard. Italian shoes, for example, are notorious for running narrow and small, while American athletic shoes tend to run wider. Always read reviews and brand-specific sizing notes when shopping online.
The Importance of Centimeter Measurements
While regional sizing systems provide convenient shorthand, the most accurate way to determine shoe size internationally is through direct foot measurement in centimeters. To measure your foot properly, stand on a piece of paper and trace your foot's outline. Measure from the heel to the longest toe, then add 0.5-1 cm for toe room.
This measurement method bypasses all the confusion of conversion charts and provides a universal standard that works across all manufacturers and regions. Many online retailers now include centimeter measurements in their size charts specifically to help international customers find the right fit. When shopping for shoes from unfamiliar brands or regions, always check if centimeter measurements are available.
Regional Conversion Charts
Converting between shoe size systems requires understanding that conversions are approximations, not exact science. Manufacturers vary in their interpretations, and different shoe types (athletic shoes, dress shoes, boots) may fit differently even within the same numerical size. A comprehensive conversion chart should be viewed as a starting point, not a guarantee.
For men's shoes, common conversions include US 7 to UK 6.5 to EU 40, US 9 to UK 8.5 to EU 42.5, and US 11 to UK 10.5 to EU 45. Women's conversions follow similar patterns but with the gender offset in US sizing. When ordering shoes internationally, many experienced shoppers order multiple sizes to try at home, taking advantage of free return policies.
Tips for International Shoe Shopping
When buying shoes internationally, the safest approach is to measure your foot in centimeters and compare against the retailer's specific size chart. Don't rely solely on conversion calculators or general charts. Take measurements at the end of the day when feet are slightly swollen, and measure both feet as they're often slightly different sizes.
Consider ordering from retailers with generous return policies for your first purchase from a new brand or region. Save your measurements and successful size purchases in a spreadsheet for future reference. Many international shoppers find that once they know their size in a particular brand, they can confidently reorder, but the first purchase often requires some trial and error.