Number Base Converter vs Roman Numeral Converter

Binary (base 2) is fundamental to computers (0s and 1s). Octal (base 8) was historically used in computing for its compact representation. Decimal (base 10) is what humans use daily. Hexadecimal (base 16) is widely used in programming for colors (#FF0000), memory addresses, and as a compact way to represent binary (each hex digit = 4 binary bits).

Hexadecimal uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F (where A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15). For example, 2F in hex equals (2×16) + 15 = 47 in decimal. The prefix 0x is often used: 0xFF = 255. Hex is popular because it's compact: the 8-bit binary 11111111 is just FF in hex.

Roman numerals use seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000). Numbers are formed by combining these symbols. Normally, symbols are arranged from largest to smallest (XVI = 16). When a smaller symbol precedes a larger one, it's subtracted (IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900).

Only I, X, and C can be subtracted. A symbol can be repeated up to three times (III = 3, XXX = 30). Subtraction is only allowed for one symbol before a larger one (IV is valid, IIV is not). The same symbol in subtraction position can't repeat (IIX is invalid, use VIII for 8). Standard Roman numerals only go up to 3999 (MMMCMXCIX).